Kane writes that we will first consider the doctrine of free will known as compatibilism. Compatibilists insist that our choices and actions are determined yet also free, and this makes the doctrine popular with modern scientists and philosophers alike. Compatibilism dates back to the Stoics if not before and gained a lot of ground beginning in the seventeenth century as it was championed by major philosophers such as Hobbes, Locke, Hume, and Mill.
But many find it intuitively untenable, especially at first, that determinism and freedom can be reconciled, and Kant and William James were very critical of the notion. So, how do compatibilists explain and defend it?
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